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Molecular Breeding in Sugarcane Selvi A. Thiappan*, Nair N.V. Biotechnology Laboratory, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, 641007 *Email: Salviselvamm@gmail.com
Abstract Sugarcane is the main source of white sugar and is also an important source for renewable biofuels like ethanol. Sugarcane improvement is mainly based on intercrossing of the well-adapted improved hybrids and selection of desirable genotypes. Commercial varieties are interspecific hybrid derivatives having a large and varying number of chromosomes. The complex polyploid nature of the species, the narrow genetic base of the parental clones and long breeding and selection cycles has been a challenge for conventional breeding of sugarcane. In this context molecular methods have a potential role in supplementing and strengthening the conventional breeding programmes. Application of molecular tools for the analysis of sugarcane genome started in late 1980s and made use of the DNA marker technology to elucidate phylogenetic relationships, to document varieties, assess genetic diversity in the germplasm, to detect major genes and to resolve complex genetic traits. Tagging genes of agronomic importance is one of the most interesting areas that offer scope for marker assisted selection. Loci that are associated with important traits like sugar yield components and disease resistance have been mapped. These studies were greatly hastened with molecular mapping techniques with markers like RFLPs, RAPDs, AFLPs and SSRs. Recent advances in sugarcane genomics enabled the use of candidate genes with known function to serve as perfect markers than the traditional anonymous markers especially for resistance to pests and diseases. Top Keywords sugarcane improvement, molecular markers, tagging genes, marker assisted selections, candidate gene markers. Top | |
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