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Other synthetic and natural fuels |
| [20] | Case for an ethanol fuel economy in India | | Garg HP. 2001 | The escalating oil import bills, dwindling fossil fuel reserves, and burgeoning pollution levels are amongst the very strong indicators to dictate a change from a purely fossil fuel mode to that based on a blend of both gasoline and ethanol. This study gives an insight into some of the key aspects like physical potential, production techniques, utilization modes, safety aspects, and importantly, the broad policy-cum-planning frameworks governing the use of ethanol. For a sustainable ethanol fuel programme in India it is necessary to set up more pilot facilities and alter the existing BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) specifications, so as to allow for an increase of ethanol blending from the existing 5% to 10%.
(6 tables) | | IREDANews12(4):11–17 | IREDA Chair Professor,
Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
<garghp@ces.iitd.ernet.in> | | | [21] | An investigation of the use of rapeseed oil in agricultural tractors as engine oil | | Acaroglu M, Oguz H, and Ogut H. 2001 | In this study, vegetable oil canola (rapeseed-00 oil), which is biodegradable, was used as engine oil. This investigation was performed in Turk Motor Company. A 34 kW diesel engine with 3 cylinders was used as a motor. As a mineral oil, Petrol Ofisi 20W/50 and canola were tested for 50 h each, and the values of kinematics viscosity, viscosity index, flash point, and total base number about engine oils were determined in the laboratory. In addition, during the study engine performance values, oil temperature, and oil pressure were measured, and engine emission values were also measured using different types of oil. Then the values measured were compared for each engine oil. The viscosity of Petrol Ofisi 20 W/50 mineral oil was 527.3 Redwood second and the viscosity of canola was 140 Redwood second. The density of the oils were 0.856 g/cm3 and 0.857 g/cm3 respectively.
(5 figures, 5 tables, 16 references) | | Energy Sources23(9):823–830 | Department of Agricultural Machinery,
Selguk Univeristy Technical Science College, Konya, Turkey
<acaroglu@alaeddin.cc.selcuk.edu.tr> | | | [22] | Combustion of spent lube oil after mixing with kerosene or diesel | | Khraisha YH, Hamdan MA, and Quibia JM. 2001 | This paper investigates the direct combustion of a mixture of SLO (spent lube oil) mixed with kerosene or diesel in various percents in a laboratory combustion unit (semi pilot scale). The effects of air to fuel ratio (A/F) on the flame temperature, combustion efficiency, thermal efficiency of the unit, and combustion product gases were studied. The results show that the maximum temperature of the flame was obtained at the centre axis of the flame, and the flame temperature was decreased as A/F ratio or percentage of SLO in the fuel mixtures was decreased. The maximum percentages of SLO that can be mixed with kerosene or diesel and then burned in the combustion unit are 40% and 15% respectively. Combustion and thermal efficiencies were increased as A/F ratio increased and then decreased for higher A/F ratios.
(9 figures, 2 tables, 7 figures) | | Energy Sources23(8):757–765 | Faculty of Engineering and Technology,
University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
<khraisha@fet.ju.edu.jo> | |
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