Comparative Analysis of Predicted SSR Sequences and CpG Islands to Discover Evolutionary Relics of Sex-chromosomes in Divergent Animal Species Grewal Barinder Singh1, Tewari Shilpa2, Hægland Håkon3, Mukhopadhyay C.S.4,* 1Centre For One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, India 2College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, India 3Uni Research, CIPR, P.O. Box 7810, 5020, Bergen, Norway 4Department of Bioinformatics, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, India *Corresponding Author: C.S. Mukhopadhyay, Department of Bioinformatics, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, India, Email: csmbioinfo@gmail.com
Online Published on 15 February, 2024. Abstract Background DNA markers have high occurrence and mutation rates and are generally located around the controlling regions of some tissue-specific genes and housekeeping genes that can change the expression pattern. Microsatellites and CpG islands are stretches of DNA with repeats and are known to influence gene expression. Methods In the present study, these DNA markers are mined and an In silico comparison was carried out to understand their occurrence pattern and distribution frequency in sex chromosomes (X and Y) of 12 different animal species using Perl and R programming pipelines. Result It was found that female-dominant X chromosomes had higher occurrence and distribution frequencies for these DNA markers than that of male-dominant sex chromosome i.e. Y which means that the former has a higher number of the evolutionary sites.The density of DNA markers however, showed remarkable variation for different animal species. The results obtained need validation through wet-lab experimentation. Tri-and hexa-nucleotide repeats are more abundant in exons, whereas other repeats are more abundant in non-coding regions. Top Keywords CpG island, DNA markers, Microsatellite, Sex chromosomes. Top |